Rare depictions of Stone Age net fishing have been discovered on engraved stones, thanks to an advanced imaging technique that enhances digital magnification. Previously unnoticed lines etched into eight stones found at Gönnersdorf, a roughly 16,000-year-old German site, depict scenes of fish caught in large nets, according to a study published on November 6 in PLOS ONE.
The newly revealed engravings "mark Gönnersdorf as the only known Upper Paleolithic site in Europe, and possibly worldwide, that visually represents net-fishing practices," says archaeologist Jérôme Robitaille of Monrepos Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution in Neuwied, Germany. Excavations at the German site from 1968 to 1976 uncovered animal bones, headless female figurines, and a variety of other artifacts.
For the new study, Robitaille and colleagues examined about 400 engraved stones, or plaquettes, from Gönnersdorf using reflectance transformation imaging (RTI). This technique allowed the researchers to manipulate light and shadow on digital versions of engraved surfaces, revealing details that had eluded standard magnification studies. Earlier studies had identified simple representations of fish with forked tails on four plaquettes. RTI showed that one of those four includes a grid of cross-hatched lines, likely portraying a net, which surrounds the aquatic prey, according to Robitaille.
Another seven plaquettes examined with RTI also feature similar net-and-fish scenes. This interpretation of the engravings aligns with other Gönnersdorf finds, which include fish bones and signs of textile production, including possible weaving implements. A few other Upper Paleolithic sites—dating to between approximately 40,000 and 12,000 years ago—also contain remnants of textiles, baskets, and rope.
Nets require a group effort to set up and operate, especially when targeting large numbers of migrating fish in rivers, the scientists note. Gönnersdorf, situated on the bank of the Rhine River, served as a seasonal gathering spot for hunter-gatherer groups capable of conducting such activities.
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