Image used for illustrative purpose. Photo: File

PCOS, or Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, is increasingly recognized as one of the most prevalent health issues affecting young women today. This hormonal disorder, which typically occurs during reproductive years, impacts 4 to 20 percent of women of reproductive age worldwide, according to experts. Characterized by the production of abnormally high levels of androgens, PCOS leads to various physical and hormonal symptoms. It is marked by the presence of numerous small cysts in the ovaries, disrupting ovulation and elevating androgen levels. Common symptoms include irregular periods, excessive hair growth, weight gain, acne, and infertility. While the exact cause remains unclear, factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, and genetic predisposition play significant roles.

Dr. Amal Hassan Abddelaziz, head of obstetrics and gynaecology-consultant at Thumbay University Hospital Ajman, emphasizes that managing PCOS involves more than just medication. "While prescription medications are necessary, regular screenings and lifestyle modifications are equally important for controlling this hormonal disorder," she explains, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to management.

Dr. Amal Hassan Abddelaziz. Photo: Supplied

Amal Bassam, a 30-year-old mother of two, was diagnosed with PCOS at the age of 17. She shared with Khaleej Times: "When I adhered to a healthy lifestyle, my symptoms improved significantly. During my keto diet, I experienced regular periods and no PCOS symptoms." Despite the challenges, Amal managed to conceive naturally due to her dedication to a healthy lifestyle. "After giving birth, doctors often asked me how I got pregnant without any treatment, and I explained that I was living a very healthy lifestyle, with healthy food and regular exercise," she recounted.

According to medical professionals, managing PCOS involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medical interventions. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight management are crucial in alleviating symptoms and improving insulin sensitivity. For women planning to conceive, medications to induce ovulation may be required. Early diagnosis and consistent management can help mitigate long-term health risks such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and endometrial cancer.

Dr. Maha Shahin, consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Medcare Hospital, Sharjah, notes that the impact of PCOS extends beyond physical symptoms. "PCOS can severely affect self-esteem and body image, particularly in teenage girls. Issues like obesity, acne, and excessive hair growth can lead to bullying and psychological distress. In severe cases, psychological support is essential to help these women manage their symptoms," she explained.

Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in PCOS, according to Dr. Shahin. "If a mother, sister, or aunt has PCOS, the likelihood increases. Obesity and insulin resistance also elevate the risk," she added. Insulin resistance is closely linked to PCOS, contributing to increased androgen levels and the development of cysts.

Dr. Shahin also highlighted the variability in PCOS prevalence due to diagnostic inconsistencies and geographic differences. "The incidence ranges from 4 to 20 per 100 women, with ethnic groups exhibiting different symptoms. Women typically present symptoms from ages 18 to 35, with the highest rates of diagnosis during these reproductive years," she noted.

Despite the perception of increasing cases, Dr. Shahin believes that young women now have more access to information. "Young women now have more access to the internet; they can Google everything, they can Google their symptoms. They're becoming more aware and they come to visit their doctors more and more," she said. "However, the lifestyle that we are living is culminating in an increase in the appearance of the manifestation of the PCOS due to junk food, lack of exercise, sitting all the time in front of the media and so without trying to move and not being aware of the good nutritive habits," she added.

Doctors reiterate that a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management are crucial in reducing symptoms and improving insulin sensitivity. Early diagnosis and consistent management can also help mitigate long-term health risks.

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