Have you ever pondered why certain individuals are adamant that Covid-19 was a hoax or that the moon landing was fabricated? What drives people to embrace conspiracy theories? According to Jais Adam-Troian, an assistant professor at Heriot-Watt University Dubai, "cognitive, motivational, personality, and mental health factors can either enhance or diminish belief in conspiracy theories."
"Conspiracy theories are more prevalent among individuals with specific personality traits and cognitive biases. Typically, those who believe in pseudoscience, exhibit paranoid or schizotypal tendencies, possess lower cognitive abilities, or are narcissistic are more prone to believing in conspiracy theories," Adam-Troian explained to Khaleej Times. He further added, "Conspiracy theories gain more acceptance in nations with low democratic levels, high unemployment rates, and where institutions are viewed as untrustworthy."
Such beliefs might also resonate more in cultures that are collectivistic and competitive, influenced by prevailing social dynamics and concerns over reputation and rivalry. Conspiracy theories can act as a coping mechanism during crises, offering a sense of control and understanding in chaotic situations.
"Many individuals are drawn to conspiracy explanations as they seek a sense of control and understanding in chaotic conditions," noted Adam-Troian. "During crises, it is often more comforting to believe that events like a virus outbreak, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack are orchestrated by malevolent forces rather than accepting that such threats can occur randomly and beyond the control of even the most powerful authorities." He also highlighted that conspiracy beliefs undermine trust in authorities and democracy, and conspiracy theories about the Covid-19 vaccine likely contributed to excess mortality, particularly among Republicans in the US.
Adam-Troian pointed out that conspiracy theories persist due to an excessive focus on coincidences. "People who tend to pay undue attention to coincidences are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories." Although direct evidence linking group identity and conspiracy belief is limited, Adam-Troian stated that feelings of loneliness and rejection can make individuals more susceptible to simple, black-and-white narratives like conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories can lead to interpersonal conflicts and affect social interactions, yet "people who moderately believe in conspiracy theories and are not obsessed with them seem to be more socially integrated," noted Adam-Troian.
