People experiencing depression might resort to shoplifting as a way to temporarily escape their emotional numbness, according to a clinical psychologist. However, the fleeting sense of accomplishment provided by this 'coping mechanism' is often quickly overshadowed by feelings of guilt and other negative emotions. Shoplifting, commonly viewed as a straightforward act of theft, is increasingly being recognized as a complex behavior influenced by psychological factors.
"Stress, anxiety, and depression can compel individuals to steal as a means of temporary relief, with the act triggering a dopamine surge in the brain, offering a brief sense of achievement," explained Dr. Siji Raveendran, a Clinical Psychologist, Clinical Hypnotherapist, and NLP Trainer at AIITECH Education Training Centre in Dubai. Approximately one-third of shoplifters suffer from depression; emotional and mental health issues, along with impulse control disorders like kleptomania, often lie at the core of shoplifting, according to the National Association for Shoplifting Prevention.
Dr. Siji noted: "Those grappling with depression may shoplift to momentarily escape emotional numbness, while kleptomania involves a compulsive urge linked to impulse-control disorders. In both scenarios, shoplifting acts as an emotional coping mechanism but is usually followed by guilt, exacerbating the underlying condition." However, it's crucial not to confuse shoplifting with kleptomania. The latter is a recognized mental health disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to steal, as Dr. Siji added: "Kleptomania differs from typical shoplifting as it’s driven by uncontrollable impulses, rather than practical needs or desires."
Individuals with kleptomania often neither want nor need the items they steal. Instead, the act of stealing itself serves as a coping mechanism for emotional distress, providing temporary relief. The role of the brain’s reward system and impulsivity also sheds light on shoplifting behaviors. "Factors such as impulsivity, emotional trauma, and mood disorders like depression and anxiety are prevalent among shoplifters. The prefrontal cortex, which governs inhibitory control and decision-making, may be underdeveloped or less active in individuals prone to these behaviors," according to Dr. Alexandre Machado, clinical neuropsychologist at Medcare Camali Clinic.
He further added: "Kleptomania is marked by an uncontrollable urge to steal, often for reasons unrelated to material need, reflecting dysfunctions in the brain's reward circuits and impulse control, as evidenced by research." Addressing shoplifting behaviors in individuals necessitates tackling the psychological and neurological triggers behind their actions. Both Dr. Siji and Dr. Alexandre concur that therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can be effective in helping individuals break the cycle of impulsive behavior.
Dr. Alexandre emphasized: "Therapy is vital in identifying and treating the root causes of shoplifting behavior. Neuropsychology can also offer insights into how brain areas regulating impulsivity and decision-making may be linked to emotional interactions, enabling more targeted treatment." Dr. Siji highlighted that therapies like CBT, ACT, and NLP (neuro-linguistic programming): "For those battling psychological conditions such as depression or kleptomania, therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and NLP can help break the cycle of impulsive behavior by addressing emotional triggers and enhancing self-regulation."
In certain cases, medications such as SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) or naltrexone may also be employed to manage impulse-control issues by regulating serotonin levels or reducing the cravings associated with the urge to steal, he added. Preventing shoplifting involves more than just punitive measures; hence, it is crucial to comprehend the psychological and emotional drivers behind this behavior. Dr. Siji suggested that prevention programs should integrate psychological assessments, emotional intelligence training, and mindfulness techniques to boost coping skills. Additionally, Dr. Alexandre underscored the significance of considering environmental and social factors, such as economic stress.
He also highlighted that from an ethical perspective, it is essential to offer treatment rather than mere punishment to individuals whose shoplifting behaviors stem from mental health conditions. He asserted, "It is crucial that mental health professionals and the judicial system collaborate to ensure that individuals receive appropriate care based on their mental health needs."
